The Position of Women in Religious Scripture Essay

The position that women have in religious scripture has given them a lesser spot in society. When God created a man it made sense to create his partner, the female. Because the man is created first and then the women from his rib, the female gender in religious scripture has been discriminated on. This is shown in the various books of the Old and New Testaments, teachings of Jesus Christ, and the Qur’an. First, the Old Testament illustrates women as the corrupter of men. Next, the teachings of Jesus show more equality among genders even though the New Testament does not. Finally, the Qur’an depicts women as having a subservient role to men allowing men to take advantage. With these interpretations of God’s words, society as a whole has†¦show more content†¦A good example would be when Sampson was seduced by Delilah in Judges 16 which led to his death. (THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE CHRISTIAN GOSPELS) and also when Lot’s daughters trick him into having sex with them by getting him drunk. (THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE CHRISTIAN GOSPELS)The moral to these stories seems to be that women are responsible for the mistakes of men and men are easily corrupted by women. One could assume that men should beware of women and their influence. We can clearly see this in the story of Sarah and Abraham; it seems to hit all the negative female themes but also gives Sarah more power than is typically held during the time. In the story, Sarah was not able to have children so she suggested to Abraham to take Hagar, a slave women, as his wife. Hagar had a son named Ishmael. Much later, Sarah did conceive a child and told Abraham to send Hagar and his eld est son, Ishmael away. She used her influence on Abraham to encourage him to take her as his wife and her jealousy forced him to send Hagar and Ishmael away. So much influence by a woman of the time was uncommon. Women of the time were not allowed to have the same rights as men. They were not allowed to talk with anyone but their family and could not leave their home. â€Å"They had become second-class Jews, excluded from the worship and teaching of God, with status scarcely above that of slaves.†(Metzger 806-818) Through the actions of Jesus, there seemed to be a break from theShow MoreRelatedSikhism and Hinduism Comparison1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Status and Role of Women in Hinduism and Sikhism Renee Thompson 996976438 Professor Shiu Monday July 4th, 2011. Religion plays a crucial role in the daily lives of millions of people. This is even more evident in India. Hinduism and Sikhism are two very prominent religions in this nation (Pinkham, 1967). These two religions are closely linked but also have many distinct practices. 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Theories On Personality And Personality - 2396 Words

Many psychologist have different theories on personality and how personalities develops from childhood to adulthood. Alfred Adler, Alderian Psychology focuses on people’s effort to compensate for their self-perceived inferiority to others. Erik Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. They all seem to play a part in the shaping of the social behavior of one’s personality, failure or success. Freud theory of personality reasons that the structures and conflicts in the human mind shapes personality. His theory consisted of the structures of the mind, the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is the primitive and natural component of personality. It consists of all the biological components of personality, which†¦show more content†¦The conscience punishes the ego through the feelings of guilt. The ideal self is an imaginary picture of how you should be. Freud proposed that psychological development in childhood takes place in a sequence of fixed stages. Conflicts amongst the organization of the mind, appears at each of Freud’s five basic stages of psychosexual development. The five stages are oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. These are called stages due to the fact that each stage symbolizes the fixation of libido on multiple parts of the body. Freud supposed that life was constructed around tension and pleasure. Freud also supposed that all tension was due to the collection of sexual energy and that all pleasure came from its discharge. In the first stage of personality development, the oral stage, the sexual energy is centered in the baby’s mouth. This stage occurs from 0 to 1 year. It gets plenty of gratification from putting different things in its mouth. Which at this stage are mouth orientated, such as sucking, biting, and breast-feeding. Freud believed that oral encouragement could lead to oral obsessi on later on in life. The libido stage now focuses on the anus when the child arises countless gratification from defecating. The child is now at the age where they are full aware that they are a person and their ego is developed. Freud believed that early of harsh potty training can lead to the child becoming an anal-retentive

Case Study of Commonwealth Bank Australia Cross Cultural Management

Question: Discuss about theCase Study of Commonwealth Bank Australiafor Cross Cultural Management. Answer: Introduction Culture is the ultimate way of life. Culture plays an important role in the life of every individual. Culture could influence peoples lives significantly in both ways and hence it becomes extremely important for contemporary businesses to utilise culture as a key tool for development of the organisation. It could be said that most of the multinational companies all across the world have taken up culture as a key aspect to analyse in order to run their business. Culture could be defined as the norms, beliefs, values and thought patterns of an individual. Culture is developed when a group of people with same beliefs and thoughts are come together (Primecz et al., 2009). Workplace and culture have a strong complementary relationship. When the culture of a workplace is properly practiced it is said to have a significant effect on the performance of an organisation (Sderberg Holden, 2002). At the same time if cultural practice within the organisation is unethical or ineffective then it i s likely to have significant negative effect on the organisational performance and hence culture is considered with utmost importance. With the globalisation taking place all across the world culture has gained broader interest in business the concept of cross cultural management came into existence. Cross cultural management is an essential section of the cultural study especially for business as it would help the organisations to go through different cultures learn their ways and effectively develop strategies to handle cross cultural issues (Hult et al., 2008). Commonwealth Bank Australia one of the leading banks in the country Australia has been successful in expanding its business not only within the nation but it has also successfully done business overseas and this is where the aspect of cross cultural management stands to be important for the organisation. The present study will take an opportunity to discuss the cross cultural issues, problems and their impact on the organi sational performance and will also provide suitable recommendations to handle these issues effectively. Cross Cultural Management and the Workplace Cross cultural management is one of the most key aspects for the contemporary business houses. It is important for the multinational companies to address the cross cultural issues and identify the key problem which if not attended properly is likely to affect the business to a large extent. For an international business like Commonwealth Bank Australia cross cultural management is one of the most important management challenges that need to be handled effectively by the organisations (Peltokorpi, 2008). Commonwealth Bank Australia is one of the largest financial institutions working with businesses as well as consumers and operates its organisation all across the world and hence this clearly shows the importance of having an effective cross cultural management in position. As per the existing literature, cross cultural management could be defined as the process of managing work team effectively across different cultures and considering their cultural differences, background and diver sity in the work teams (Thomas et al., 2008). Commonwealth Bank operates in different contrasting cultures and hence it is important for the organisation to understand the different cross cultural issues which could hamper the business in case they are not properly addressed. Cross cultural differences are highly visible in some countries and some countries have similar ideologies (Stahl et al., 2010). The company applies Hoftsedes cultural dimension in order to understand the cross cultural differences in the different societies it operates in. Cross cultural management is not only effective for foreign expansion of business but it also helps to effectively manage groups within the organisation itself so that they are able to perform well for the organisation. Commonwealth Bank implements the Model of Cultural Dimension which helps the organisation to frame their cross cultural strategy accordingly. The Geert Hofstedes Model has six different attributes which discuss a society base d on their culture (Kawar, 2012). Fig 1: Hofstedes Cultural Dimension Model (Source: Tung, 2008) The concept of Hofstede is very clear as it tries to understand the cultural difference based on the different attributes. This is actually a process of comparison which the managers of the Commonwealth Bank apply in order to gain suitable insights into the different cultural differences facing the organisation which could naturally impact on the interpersonal interactions. The first attribute power distance helps the managers to understand how a society handles the inequalities in the society (Tung, 2008). In societies where power distance is low people tend to equalise the distribution of power which means employees are more efficient in these societies and hence the workforce should be accordingly handled by the organisation. Example of such kind of society is India. The second attribute individualism and collectivism shows the social framework of a society. It helps the company managers to understand the overall pattern of the society and the ideology of the society in terms of i ndividual growth and collective growth (Berry et al., 2010). The society where individualism is high will focus more on self improvement and growth which helps the managers to motivate employees individually getting effective response and result for the organisation. In cross cultural management masculinity and femininity is considered as one of the key aspects (Testa, 2009). The masculinity preference of a society means that the society is much more inclined to giving out material rewards for good work whereas femininity focuses on cooperation, sharing and caring and quality of life which would help the managers of Commonwealth Bank to implement suitable strategies to handle the workforce and develop rewarding system. The uncertainty avoidance shows the managers the vulnerability of people in the society towards uncertain circumstances and ambiguity. It mainly states the situation that a society cannot predict whats going to come in the future and accordingly whether they embrace c hange or not. Long term and short term orientation highlights the inclination of the society towards keeping in mind the past legacies but also change for the future which clearly helps organisations to understand how the society is going to behave in the coming few years and accordingly makes strategies to control business (Tung Verbeke, 2010). Finally Indulgence vs. Restraint is the last attribute which shows the company whether the society is fun loving society or are highly conservative about their lifestyle. Cross Cultural Issues for Commonwealth Bank Australia There are number of different cross cultural issues which hinder the business growth. For Commonwealth Bank it is important that cross cultural issues are addressed properly. The main cross cultural issue that the company has to face is during business interaction. The company has always focused on effective communication as it helps to interact properly with the employees and the consumers but workings in different cultural regions affect communication. It often creates communication gap between individuals. In a completely different culture and in orthodox countries like in Russia or China people are disinclined to speak in any foreign tongue and this often creates confusion especially for a company like Commonwealth Bank that hails from a completely English speaking country (Singh et al., 2008). Employees of this organisation face problems working in foreign conditions as communication with consumers become a huge problem. On the other hand another key issue is internal communicat ion. Recruiting employees from different backgrounds and culture creates communication gap as well. As the company operates in different countries in Asia and Europe it faces problem of internal communication as well due to the lack of proper communication. For instances if a person is not acquainted with the culture of a particular society it will definitely be tough to communicate with them and hence this is extremely important for a company of the stature of Commonwealth Bank to understand. Another key cross cultural issue that is facing Commonwealth Bank is management issues (De Mooij Hofstede, 2010). In most of its global sites the company has put in managers from Australia. The problem of expatriate acceptance among employees often stands to be a key reason for the downfall of a company or the regression in the organisational performance. The expatriates posted in foreign conditions should be well aware of the market conditions and should focus on developing the communications with the employees especially the local employees so that a communal feeling is created among the management and workforce. The manager should be aware of the key determinants of culture which are language, religion, education, social structure which would help the managers to handle the issues of communication and confusions effectively (Ungar, 2008). Hierarchy plays an extremely important role in the process of communication and in case the employees are reluctant to communicate in other languages it could be a serious problem for the organisation Commonwealth Bank. The Commonwealth Bank faced significant problems with its expatriate managers operating in China and India as people there are educated and brought up with different culture and tend to be very orthodox mostly the Chinese people (Kirkman et al., 2009). Hence the expatriates will not be able to work if the employees or the consumers are not aware of the local culture and language. Getting respect is what these people want and hence especially in Chinese market Commonwealth Bank should be much more careful. The Chinese and US consumers are largely Ethnocentric and mostly disregard other religions and culture and hence in this scenario expatriates face humiliation regarding their language and religion and hence having a strong strategy to handle these aspects are extreme ly important for an organisation like Commonwealth Bank (Grisham Walker, 2008). Cross Cultural Problems and Impact on the Organisational Performance The Commonwealth Bank considers its workforce as one of the most important assets that the company has and also takes significant initiatives to keep that intact. Working in a cross cultural environment often it is seen there is cultural difference sometimes due to communication gap and sometimes for the differences in the ideologies teamwork is often affected. In the banking sector especially in top class multinational companies like Commonwealth Bank teamwork is extremely important and due to the cross cultural gaps communication is hindered which affects the decisions making of the organisation and this overall affects the movement of the organisation towards the objectives set in the global business. Poor communication is the root of all problems and it breaks the teamwork and the coordination (Caligiuri Tarique, 2012). When two persons from completely different backgrounds come together it becomes tough for them to understand and respect each others background and culture and t his directly affects the overall organisational performance as they feel reluctant to work with each other citing the personal problems. The ethnocentric mindset of the employees will affect organisational harmony as problems created due to culture will tear the unity of the workforce. It is extremely important for Commonwealth Bank to focus on improving the interpersonal communication but as long as the employees do not respect the cultures of each other it will remain the same for the company which will gradually lead to problems of performance, and the company will lose significant market share in the business (Rockstuhl et al., 2011). Consumers tend to lose customer loyalty when not communicated which naturally leads to failure of the organisation in the respective global market and also leads to internal turmoil for non-cooperation among employees. Conclusion Cross cultural issues seem to have a significant negative effect on the organisational performance of an organisation in this case Commonwealth Bank. It is extremely important for the organisation to focus on having a proper cross cultural strategic framework in place which would help to mitigate the cross cultural problems and will help to improve the organisational performance. The organisation Commonwealth Bank needs to address the different key cross cultural issues of communication, coordination and understanding and hence it is important for the organisation to implement certain key strategies to improve cross cultural management. Recommendations Based on the above issues these recommendations could be implemented to mitigate the cross cultural issues of Commonwealth Bank are discussed below: Cross Cultural Literacy is one of the key aspects that need to be implemented especially for managers to understand the cross cultural differences between two different markets. The managers should be provided with ample knowledge about different cultural practices which would help the managers to handle cross cultural business properly (Carbaugh, 2013). Inculcating cultural intelligence among the employees of the organisation Commonwealth Bank would help to improve the communication of the employees and managers working in a cross cultural society. In a company of multicultural background Cultural intelligence helps to assess the performance of the managers and employees in a given culture (Minkov Hofstede, 2011). Managing the attitude, and understanding cultural perspective and implementing cultural knowledge will help to improve the cross cultural communication and hence Commonwealth Bank Managers should be instilled with this knowledge. Having respect for people from different cultures will help to crack a good conversation effectively (Primecz et al., 2011). Constant monitoring of the cross cultural environment will help to get a lot of insights which would help the managers to implement them effectively (Huang, 2010). Understanding the labor laws, compensation practices and will help the company Commonwealth Bank to focus on improving their cross cultural practices effectively. 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