Apush Notes Conquering a Continent 1861-1877 Essay

* Essential Question: What elements helped advance the joining of the national economy after the Civil War? Segment 1: The Republican Vision: * Integrating the National Economy: * Reshaping the previous Confederacy after the Civil War enhanced a Republican drive to reinforce the national economy to conquer restrictions of market varieties that occurred under past Democratic orders. * Failure to support interior enhancements left various districts of the nation separated, creating the Civil War, Republicans contended. * During the Civil War and after, the Republican-ruled Congress utilized government power, passing defensive levies that gave U.S. producers an upper hand against outside firms. * Republican organizations would fortify the economy through a huge open private association that advanced antiquarians contend speaks to a get some distance from a free enterprise or Å"hands off  approach of past organizations towards the economy. * Railroad improvements in the United States started a long time before the Civil War however crested after the Civil War. By 1900, basically no side of the nation needed rail administration. * Railroads changed American free enterprise by receiving an authoritative document of association, the company, empowering them to bring private capital up in enormous sums. * Along with the transformative intensity of railways, Republicans defensive duties additionally helped construct flourishing U.S. ventures. A Civil War obligation of $2.8 billion was deleted during the 1880s by a $2.1-billion-dollar salary from taxes. * Fierce tax discusses stamped American legislative issues during the 1880s and 1890s. Democrats contended that the duty had not eased back neediness in the United States. * Protective taxes had additionally assisted with encouraging the development of trusts, monster organizations that commanded entire parts of the economy and used imposing business model force. * The ascent of railways and trusts provoked a pushback by organizations against new state and government administrative laws. In Munn v. Illinois (1877), the U.S. Incomparable Court decided that states had the option to control organizations, however not to the detriment of dividing the national commercial center. * In the Southwest, government courts advanced monetary improvement to the detriment of racial equity. In spite of the fact that the United States had assumed responsibility for New Mexico and Arizona after the U.S. Mexican War of 1848, a great part of the land despite everything stayed in Mexican American hands b y the 1870s. * As the postCivil War years brought railways and Anglo-American pilgrims, Mexican Americans lost 64 percent of their territories through unique courts that managed ashore titles. * The Santa Fe Ring was a famous gathering of government officials and legal advisors who contrived to swindle Mexican Americans of their properties. * After the Civil War, U.S. also, European policymakers endeavored to change their economies to the best quality level. However, putting together cash supplies with respect to gold was a troublesome issue that surrounded U.S. governmental issues for an age. * In 1873, Congress coordinated the U.S. Treasury, over a six-year time span, to resign the greenback paper dollars gave during the Civil War and supplant them with notes from an extended arrangement of national banks. After 1879, the Treasury traded notes for gold upon demand. * Silver disciples got an unobtrusive triumph when Congress passed the Bland-Allison Act of 1878, requiring the United States to coin a humble measure of silver. * Republican patriot approaches cultivated fast monetary development as an extension of media communications, companies, and capital, making the United States a compelling modern force by 1900. * The New Union and the World: * Following the Civil War, the United States accomplished more noteworthy influence with outside countries like Britain. American expansionists expected to add more domains to the country. The utilization of the Hawaiian Islands and the creation of steam transportation encouraged development off the landmass to places like Japan during the 1850s. * Union triumph additionally expanded exchange with Latin America. Mexico liberated itself from French standard in 1867, yet gambled financial control by its bigger northern neighbor, the United States. * International exchange turned into another model for stating power in Latin America and Asia. Under the authority of Secretary of State William Steward (18611869), the United States grasped China and Japan, compelling the Japanese to stay open to exchange. * Seward additionally pushed the acquisition of key areas for maritime bases and refueling stations, for example, land in Nicaragua for a waterway, Hawaii, and the Philippines. * In 1868, Seward accomplished a noteworthy triumph with congressional endorsement of the Burlingame Treaty with China, directing migration. That year, Seward additionally bought Alaska from Russia, further building up the United States as a worldwide force. Synopsis: * Essential Question: What components attracted homesteaders to the Great Plains, and what job did they play in the Republicans vision for the post-Civil War country? Segment 2: Incorporating the West: * Cattlemen and Miners: * Conquest and advancement of the American West turned into the household establishment for national incomparability in the late 1800s. Homestead improvement was as essential as processing plant advancement to Republican policymakers. * Republicans tried to carry families toward the West by offering 160 sections of land of land through the Homestead Act. * Innovative government approaches, for example, the U.S. Geographical Survey, encouraged in 1879 to open up western grounds oversaw under another Department of the Interior. * Federal arrangements assisted with fusing the trans-Mississippi West. As railways crossed the nation, a great many homesteaders recorded land claims. * To account for dairy cattle, proficient wild ox trackers disposed of the bison. * Texas farmers initiated the well known Long Drive, recruiting cowhands to group dairy cattle several miles north to the railways that pushed west across Kansas. * As soon as railways arrived at the Texas extend nation during the 1870s, farmers surrendered the Long Drive. Stockyards showed up close to railroad tracks in enormous Midwestern urban communities like Chicago. These spots turned into the focal point of another industry, meatpacking. * Sheep raising likewise turned into a significant venture in the high nation of the Rockies and the Sierras. * In the late 1850s as California gold worked out, other mineral disclosures assisted with building up the Far West in places like Nevada, the Colorado Rockies, South Dakotas Black Hills, and Idaho. The Comstock Lode in Nevada was a significant silver revelation. * At certain destinations, diggers discovered copper, lead, and zinc that eastern businesses requested. The unquenchable material requests of mining activated monetary development at numerous remote, for example, Pueblo, Colorado, which purified mineral. * Remote territories transformed into a crowd scene of miners, brokers, card sharks, whores, and saloonkeepers; miners made their own mining codes and regularly utilized them to reject or oppress Mexicans, Chinese, and blacks. * California made a business opportunity for Oregons produce and wood. * Homesteaders: * Upon first experiencing the Great Plains, Euro-Americans thought the land infertile, and alluded to it as the Great American Desert. * Railroads, land theorists, steamship lines, and the western states and regions did everything they could to support settlement of the Great Plains. * New technologysteel furrows, spiked metal, and strains of hard-piece wheathelped pioneers to beat impediments. * Between 1878 and 1886, pioneers experienced outstandingly wet climate, yet then the dry climate run of the mill of the Great Plains returned, and pilgrims fled as of late settled land. * Å"American fever  grabbed hold in northern Europe as Norwegians and Swedes went to the United States. * For some southern blacks known as Exodusters, Kansas was the Promised Land; by 1880, 40,000 blacks lived in Kansasthe biggest convergence of blacks in the West beside Texas. * By the turn of the century, the Great Plains had completely submitted to agrarian turn of events. In this procedure, there was little of the Å"pioneering  that Americans related with the westbound development; cultivating required capital speculation and the ability to hazard blast and bust cycles simply like some other business. * Although excavators, blunder laborers, and cattle rustlers were overwhelmingly men, numerous ladies went with families as homesteaders. * The Republican perfect of national monetary improvement through ranch building upheld the social estimation of family life. Spread generally when the Civil War, family life held that it was a keeps an eye on commitment to his significant othe r and kids that made him try sincerely and be frugal and capable. * Domesticity created a political conflict with the Mormon Church, whose disciples rehearsed polygamy. Alongside casting a ballot rights, this issue encircled sex political contentions during Reconstruction. * Womens rights extended when Wyoming allowed ladies the option to cast a ballot in 1869. Towns in Kansas during the 1880s chosen ladies as chairmen and as city experts. Ladies were progressively leaving the home to work. * Yet most of provincial ladies lived under unforgiving outskirts conditions. Rolvaags contemporary work, Giants in the Earth depicted the dread and confinement of Norwegian settler ladies on the Dakota immense grassland. * Debt and Aridity: * Farm costs dropped in the late 1800s as mechanical advancement and worldwide extension glutted markets for wheat, cotton, and corn. * Farmers additionally confronted the issue of being little makers in a commercial center that compensated economies of scale, giving huge enterprises the upside of undermining ranchers. During the 1880s, ranchers would dispatch one of the most impressive dissent developments throughout the entire existence of American governmental issues. * A threatening situation existed on the Great Plains as grasshoppers, grassland fires, hailstorms, dry seasons, tornadoes, snowstorms, the absence of water, and negligible wood supplies. Numerous families fabricated homes made of grass. * By the late 1880s, more than 50,000 homesteaders had fled the

Creating an Organizational Culture Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Making an Organizational Culture - Article Example Various specialists have attempted to clarify its effect on an association as indicated by their encounters, hypotheses, and their place of perspectives. In such manner, we will attempt to characterize, talk about, and investigate alternate points of view of a hierarchical culture, and will attempt to comprehend various advances that are completed for its creation, change, and upkeep, so as to impact aggregate exertion in an association or foundation. Various specialists have given a great deal of significance to the way of life and social points of view in an association. As indicated by a creator, explicit condition and conditions are thinking of the assistance of advancement of a hierarchical culture in an association. Today, numerous mind boggling issues and issues are stood up to by authoritative pioneers, when the hierarchical accomplishment is endeavored by them in various conditions, for example, VUCA situations. In such manner, it has been recommended that it is essential and imperative to characterize and comprehend the term of hierarchical culture appropriately, which assumes a crucial job in the achievement of an association, just as, its pioneers. Thusly, it has been told that hierarchical culture is, and has become a significant part and factor of an organization’s achievement. In such manner, diverse worldwide organizations, just as, little enterprises are attempting to execute the hierarchical culture in the ir areas, so as to give chances to their representatives to a fruitful future and thriving. Moreover, the powerlessness of understanding authoritative culture was followed out to be the explanation of issues and complex issues that are being stood up to by the pioneers and administrators in various organizations. Disappointment has been additionally been seen in various and different business and advertising methodologies that contradict the hierarchical culture and is by all accounts conflicting with it. In this manner, formation of new techniques and their usage likewise requires

Find a classroom accommodation for students who are at risk, another Research Paper

Discover a homeroom convenience for understudies who are in danger, another for those with ADHD and 1 more for people who are Gifted and Talented - Research Paper Example They can monitor their students’ learning with this endeavor. A case of a homeroom convenience for an ADHD understudy is seating them near the instructor and away from windows and entryways. This is a substantial convenience in light of the fact that such understudies need their help and uncommon consideration of their instructors consistently, and; in this way, their teachers ought to be there (Friend and Bursuck, 2006). An improvement that could be made is for example letting the ADHD the understudy address an infrequent task for his/her teacher. This can help the hyperactive youngster consume off the undesirable vitality. At last, a typical homeroom convenience for skilled or capable understudies is through gathering them or with more elevated level students (Friend and Bursuck, 2006). In any case, I feel that instructors ought to never amass skilled students with lower-level students for remediation in light of the fact that, provided that this is true, at that point the u nderstudy may begin scrutinizing his blessing or ability. This study hall settlement can be improved through urging students completely to contemplate ideas and bolster autonomous examinations or studies (Friend and Bursuck, 2006). From this examination, I discovered that numerous understudies have one of a kind needs, and it is crafted by the instructor to go around these requirements and figure out how the instructively manage such

Managing Business Operation Nike Essay - 1375 Words

Managing Business Operation: Nike (Essay Sample) Content: Name:University:Course:Tutor:Date:Managing Business Operation: NikeIntroduction The purpose of this paper is to provide you with an in-depth solution to what your company, Nestle, is going through. Basing on the current predicament of your company, which as you have elaborated, is being stuck in double-dip economic recession, I believe my knowledge and experience in operations management will offer and effective remedy to that situation. More so, the paper shows how I can apply operation management techniques and models like Total Quality Control and Improvement, Material Requirements Planning and Lean Manufacturing to achieve competitive advantage of the company over other companies. Operation Management Opportunity The present harsh economic times have led to the collapse of many organizations both locally ones and international ones. The ones which have not completely collapsed have been affected severely in terms of the sales they make, annual revenues and profits , decrease in market share etc. According to my research on your company, Nestle, I have discovered that the harsh economic times of 2007 through today had impacted greatly on the company such that strategies of reducing costs on production and engaging in other economic and financial strategies like focusing on long-term equity and goals.- However, the company made less efforts on the operations of the business which made the production process more or less that same in the bad economy and in good economy. This made the production costs to remain high and the thus competitors like general Mills and Starbucks had an opportunity to come on board. I therefore believe that if I can be appointed the operations manager for Nestle, I would ensure that the company utilizes the production process so as to bring efficiency and hence a competitive edge over its competitors. Key Operational Management Principles to Consider Being an international company, it means that the principles and th eories of operational management to be considered should have a broader perspective and highly competitive so as to place the company way above its competitors. Considering also the poor economy and situation of the company, I will devise the following principles to be followed by the company. One of the principles is total quality control. The second principle is Material Requirements Planning despite the situations and the last one will be Lean Manufacturing. Total Quality Improvement Total quality improvement is arguably the most significant principle in operation management of any company or organization. Total quality improvement mainly focuses on how an organizations resources are utilized, how they are processed, and the methods of output used and most importantly, how the quality of the final product is maintained. Total control functions that I would carry out include monitoring, assessing the process and evaluation of performance to determine whether the strategies and co ntrol measures employed on every function work the desired standards. I understand that the transformational process for Nestle involves receiving the raw coffee, directing it to the processing machines, receiving the processed coffee products and packaging it into various forms e.g. as coffee bags, in coffee cans, sachets etc. I would ensure that the resources received are of best quality so as to produce best quality products too. I would personally, with the help of my assistants carry out the monitoring process everyday through the entire system to ascertain that every function is running smoothly and effectively. I would also ensure that the overheads of the company are maintained at an all time low so as to be productive by maintaining high profit margins. My strategy here will be to increase the number of machine operation thus increasing the output hence cutting on cost per output. There is a positive relation between job productivity and employee satisfaction.- On that note therefore I would ensure that the people resources are effectively utilized and well remunerated so as to boost their moral and hence job satisfaction for the productivity of the organization. Material Requirements Planning Basing on these harsh economic times that nestle is going through, it is only prudent if the company operations manager can ensure that every resource coming in is well calculated for so that there is no surplus or wastes. Material waste reduction drastically improves organization productivity. Material Requirements planning involves scrutinizing the entire production process to determine how much resources, both transformed and transforming ones are required for production.- This principle will enable the company to avoid or minimize its wastes and surplus hence leading to higher productivity. Reducing the dependability of resources and the chain of production is one way that organizations can fully implement the costs on those resources. This means t hat if Nestle can determine the resources that depend on each other in the production process e.g. how much material depend on a certain amount of information etc. can use that piece of information to maximize the materials needed. Likewise, if it is known which elements that can be eliminated from the chain of production after a certain period of time, then the company will increase its output making it survive in the harsh economy and continue to compete with its competitors. In many organizations, material requirement planning is basically done by ordering the most significant and urgent materials and eliminating those that are not needed at that particular stage in the production. Staff for instance, is not employed permanently and thus can be dismissed when their department is not busy and recalled when the department becomes busy. Although Nestlà ©s departments are busy through out, I would employ that strategy in the transformed resources like materials where I would be or dering the urgent materials as per their requirement in the company especially in this recession so as to minimize wastage cases. Lean Manufacturing This principle is more or less the same as the previous principle of material requirement planning only that this focuses on value maximization by elimination of wasteful processes and interruptions. This principle is categorized into sub process aimed at achieving the overall objective of maximizing the value of the product. I would engage in this principle because it has been found to improve the general productivity of the company and thereby making the company stand out above the competitors when it comes to value and quality of final products. The processes include; one, identification of the products features that create value. Secondly, identification of the value stream, thirdly, opening the process and removing interruptions so the process can run smoothly. Fourthly, allowing customers to specify their preferred products so th at the last process could be designing and perfecting the entire process so that it can suit the customers requirements. Recommendations: Total Quality Improvement Here, I would recommend the company to conduct thorough monitoring of the transformation process to ensure that no errors or inefficiencies are experienced. I would urge the company managers to be extra vigil especially now that the company is going through some hard economic times by not compromising on quality but maximizing on it and reducing any inefficient practices. More to that, I would recommend the company to engage in thorough training of its staff so as to maintain quality and also be checking its other resources to verify that their quality is the one desired by the organization and the customers. Material Requirements Planning Basing on this principle, I would recommend the company to be making orders by demand it is receiving so as to maximize the production process and reduce on surplus. This it can do by a nalyzing how its products are moving in the wholesale and retail stores and determining the average so that they can produce a number close to that but be careful not to produce less nestle products. The management of the company can also conduct regular checks in the transformation process to determine the repetitive processes and those processes that cause wastes and eliminate them. Lean Manufacturing Here the primary aim is to maximize on the value of the final product and thus I would recommend the company to first of all know and understand what its customers want and then know how or what to engage in their production process so as to meet that requirement. Ones the customers requirements are determined, it would be easier to know which elements, resources or functions in the process need to be eliminated and which need to be maintained for high product value. More to that I would recommend the company to constantly check the process for any interruptions, e.g. machine failure , delays etc and eliminate them so as to have a smooth flow of production that will save on time and extra costs. In conclusion, Nestle Company can achieve its objective of being the best coffee products producer and als... Managing Business Operation Nike Essay - 1375 Words Managing Business Operation: Nike (Essay Sample) Content: Name:University:Course:Tutor:Date:Managing Business Operation: NikeIntroduction The purpose of this paper is to provide you with an in-depth solution to what your company, Nestle, is going through. Basing on the current predicament of your company, which as you have elaborated, is being stuck in double-dip economic recession, I believe my knowledge and experience in operations management will offer and effective remedy to that situation. More so, the paper shows how I can apply operation management techniques and models like Total Quality Control and Improvement, Material Requirements Planning and Lean Manufacturing to achieve competitive advantage of the company over other companies. Operation Management Opportunity The present harsh economic times have led to the collapse of many organizations both locally ones and international ones. The ones which have not completely collapsed have been affected severely in terms of the sales they make, annual revenues and profits , decrease in market share etc. According to my research on your company, Nestle, I have discovered that the harsh economic times of 2007 through today had impacted greatly on the company such that strategies of reducing costs on production and engaging in other economic and financial strategies like focusing on long-term equity and goals.- However, the company made less efforts on the operations of the business which made the production process more or less that same in the bad economy and in good economy. This made the production costs to remain high and the thus competitors like general Mills and Starbucks had an opportunity to come on board. I therefore believe that if I can be appointed the operations manager for Nestle, I would ensure that the company utilizes the production process so as to bring efficiency and hence a competitive edge over its competitors. Key Operational Management Principles to Consider Being an international company, it means that the principles and th eories of operational management to be considered should have a broader perspective and highly competitive so as to place the company way above its competitors. Considering also the poor economy and situation of the company, I will devise the following principles to be followed by the company. One of the principles is total quality control. The second principle is Material Requirements Planning despite the situations and the last one will be Lean Manufacturing. Total Quality Improvement Total quality improvement is arguably the most significant principle in operation management of any company or organization. Total quality improvement mainly focuses on how an organizations resources are utilized, how they are processed, and the methods of output used and most importantly, how the quality of the final product is maintained. Total control functions that I would carry out include monitoring, assessing the process and evaluation of performance to determine whether the strategies and co ntrol measures employed on every function work the desired standards. I understand that the transformational process for Nestle involves receiving the raw coffee, directing it to the processing machines, receiving the processed coffee products and packaging it into various forms e.g. as coffee bags, in coffee cans, sachets etc. I would ensure that the resources received are of best quality so as to produce best quality products too. I would personally, with the help of my assistants carry out the monitoring process everyday through the entire system to ascertain that every function is running smoothly and effectively. I would also ensure that the overheads of the company are maintained at an all time low so as to be productive by maintaining high profit margins. My strategy here will be to increase the number of machine operation thus increasing the output hence cutting on cost per output. There is a positive relation between job productivity and employee satisfaction.- On that note therefore I would ensure that the people resources are effectively utilized and well remunerated so as to boost their moral and hence job satisfaction for the productivity of the organization. Material Requirements Planning Basing on these harsh economic times that nestle is going through, it is only prudent if the company operations manager can ensure that every resource coming in is well calculated for so that there is no surplus or wastes. Material waste reduction drastically improves organization productivity. Material Requirements planning involves scrutinizing the entire production process to determine how much resources, both transformed and transforming ones are required for production.- This principle will enable the company to avoid or minimize its wastes and surplus hence leading to higher productivity. Reducing the dependability of resources and the chain of production is one way that organizations can fully implement the costs on those resources. This means t hat if Nestle can determine the resources that depend on each other in the production process e.g. how much material depend on a certain amount of information etc. can use that piece of information to maximize the materials needed. Likewise, if it is known which elements that can be eliminated from the chain of production after a certain period of time, then the company will increase its output making it survive in the harsh economy and continue to compete with its competitors. In many organizations, material requirement planning is basically done by ordering the most significant and urgent materials and eliminating those that are not needed at that particular stage in the production. Staff for instance, is not employed permanently and thus can be dismissed when their department is not busy and recalled when the department becomes busy. Although Nestlà ©s departments are busy through out, I would employ that strategy in the transformed resources like materials where I would be or dering the urgent materials as per their requirement in the company especially in this recession so as to minimize wastage cases. Lean Manufacturing This principle is more or less the same as the previous principle of material requirement planning only that this focuses on value maximization by elimination of wasteful processes and interruptions. This principle is categorized into sub process aimed at achieving the overall objective of maximizing the value of the product. I would engage in this principle because it has been found to improve the general productivity of the company and thereby making the company stand out above the competitors when it comes to value and quality of final products. The processes include; one, identification of the products features that create value. Secondly, identification of the value stream, thirdly, opening the process and removing interruptions so the process can run smoothly. Fourthly, allowing customers to specify their preferred products so th at the last process could be designing and perfecting the entire process so that it can suit the customers requirements. Recommendations: Total Quality Improvement Here, I would recommend the company to conduct thorough monitoring of the transformation process to ensure that no errors or inefficiencies are experienced. I would urge the company managers to be extra vigil especially now that the company is going through some hard economic times by not compromising on quality but maximizing on it and reducing any inefficient practices. More to that, I would recommend the company to engage in thorough training of its staff so as to maintain quality and also be checking its other resources to verify that their quality is the one desired by the organization and the customers. Material Requirements Planning Basing on this principle, I would recommend the company to be making orders by demand it is receiving so as to maximize the production process and reduce on surplus. This it can do by a nalyzing how its products are moving in the wholesale and retail stores and determining the average so that they can produce a number close to that but be careful not to produce less nestle products. The management of the company can also conduct regular checks in the transformation process to determine the repetitive processes and those processes that cause wastes and eliminate them. Lean Manufacturing Here the primary aim is to maximize on the value of the final product and thus I would recommend the company to first of all know and understand what its customers want and then know how or what to engage in their production process so as to meet that requirement. Ones the customers requirements are determined, it would be easier to know which elements, resources or functions in the process need to be eliminated and which need to be maintained for high product value. More to that I would recommend the company to constantly check the process for any interruptions, e.g. machine failure , delays etc and eliminate them so as to have a smooth flow of production that will save on time and extra costs. In conclusion, Nestle Company can achieve its objective of being the best coffee products producer and als...

The Position of Women in Religious Scripture Essay

The position that women have in religious scripture has given them a lesser spot in society. When God created a man it made sense to create his partner, the female. Because the man is created first and then the women from his rib, the female gender in religious scripture has been discriminated on. This is shown in the various books of the Old and New Testaments, teachings of Jesus Christ, and the Qur’an. First, the Old Testament illustrates women as the corrupter of men. Next, the teachings of Jesus show more equality among genders even though the New Testament does not. Finally, the Qur’an depicts women as having a subservient role to men allowing men to take advantage. With these interpretations of God’s words, society as a whole has†¦show more content†¦A good example would be when Sampson was seduced by Delilah in Judges 16 which led to his death. (THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE CHRISTIAN GOSPELS) and also when Lot’s daughters trick him into having sex with them by getting him drunk. (THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE CHRISTIAN GOSPELS)The moral to these stories seems to be that women are responsible for the mistakes of men and men are easily corrupted by women. One could assume that men should beware of women and their influence. We can clearly see this in the story of Sarah and Abraham; it seems to hit all the negative female themes but also gives Sarah more power than is typically held during the time. In the story, Sarah was not able to have children so she suggested to Abraham to take Hagar, a slave women, as his wife. Hagar had a son named Ishmael. Much later, Sarah did conceive a child and told Abraham to send Hagar and his eld est son, Ishmael away. She used her influence on Abraham to encourage him to take her as his wife and her jealousy forced him to send Hagar and Ishmael away. So much influence by a woman of the time was uncommon. Women of the time were not allowed to have the same rights as men. They were not allowed to talk with anyone but their family and could not leave their home. â€Å"They had become second-class Jews, excluded from the worship and teaching of God, with status scarcely above that of slaves.†(Metzger 806-818) Through the actions of Jesus, there seemed to be a break from theShow MoreRelatedSikhism and Hinduism Comparison1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Status and Role of Women in Hinduism and Sikhism Renee Thompson 996976438 Professor Shiu Monday July 4th, 2011. Religion plays a crucial role in the daily lives of millions of people. This is even more evident in India. Hinduism and Sikhism are two very prominent religions in this nation (Pinkham, 1967). These two religions are closely linked but also have many distinct practices. 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Theories On Personality And Personality - 2396 Words

Many psychologist have different theories on personality and how personalities develops from childhood to adulthood. Alfred Adler, Alderian Psychology focuses on people’s effort to compensate for their self-perceived inferiority to others. Erik Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. They all seem to play a part in the shaping of the social behavior of one’s personality, failure or success. Freud theory of personality reasons that the structures and conflicts in the human mind shapes personality. His theory consisted of the structures of the mind, the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is the primitive and natural component of personality. It consists of all the biological components of personality, which†¦show more content†¦The conscience punishes the ego through the feelings of guilt. The ideal self is an imaginary picture of how you should be. Freud proposed that psychological development in childhood takes place in a sequence of fixed stages. Conflicts amongst the organization of the mind, appears at each of Freud’s five basic stages of psychosexual development. The five stages are oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. These are called stages due to the fact that each stage symbolizes the fixation of libido on multiple parts of the body. Freud supposed that life was constructed around tension and pleasure. Freud also supposed that all tension was due to the collection of sexual energy and that all pleasure came from its discharge. In the first stage of personality development, the oral stage, the sexual energy is centered in the baby’s mouth. This stage occurs from 0 to 1 year. It gets plenty of gratification from putting different things in its mouth. Which at this stage are mouth orientated, such as sucking, biting, and breast-feeding. Freud believed that oral encouragement could lead to oral obsessi on later on in life. The libido stage now focuses on the anus when the child arises countless gratification from defecating. The child is now at the age where they are full aware that they are a person and their ego is developed. Freud believed that early of harsh potty training can lead to the child becoming an anal-retentive

Case Study of Commonwealth Bank Australia Cross Cultural Management

Question: Discuss about theCase Study of Commonwealth Bank Australiafor Cross Cultural Management. Answer: Introduction Culture is the ultimate way of life. Culture plays an important role in the life of every individual. Culture could influence peoples lives significantly in both ways and hence it becomes extremely important for contemporary businesses to utilise culture as a key tool for development of the organisation. It could be said that most of the multinational companies all across the world have taken up culture as a key aspect to analyse in order to run their business. Culture could be defined as the norms, beliefs, values and thought patterns of an individual. Culture is developed when a group of people with same beliefs and thoughts are come together (Primecz et al., 2009). Workplace and culture have a strong complementary relationship. When the culture of a workplace is properly practiced it is said to have a significant effect on the performance of an organisation (Sderberg Holden, 2002). At the same time if cultural practice within the organisation is unethical or ineffective then it i s likely to have significant negative effect on the organisational performance and hence culture is considered with utmost importance. With the globalisation taking place all across the world culture has gained broader interest in business the concept of cross cultural management came into existence. Cross cultural management is an essential section of the cultural study especially for business as it would help the organisations to go through different cultures learn their ways and effectively develop strategies to handle cross cultural issues (Hult et al., 2008). Commonwealth Bank Australia one of the leading banks in the country Australia has been successful in expanding its business not only within the nation but it has also successfully done business overseas and this is where the aspect of cross cultural management stands to be important for the organisation. The present study will take an opportunity to discuss the cross cultural issues, problems and their impact on the organi sational performance and will also provide suitable recommendations to handle these issues effectively. Cross Cultural Management and the Workplace Cross cultural management is one of the most key aspects for the contemporary business houses. It is important for the multinational companies to address the cross cultural issues and identify the key problem which if not attended properly is likely to affect the business to a large extent. For an international business like Commonwealth Bank Australia cross cultural management is one of the most important management challenges that need to be handled effectively by the organisations (Peltokorpi, 2008). Commonwealth Bank Australia is one of the largest financial institutions working with businesses as well as consumers and operates its organisation all across the world and hence this clearly shows the importance of having an effective cross cultural management in position. As per the existing literature, cross cultural management could be defined as the process of managing work team effectively across different cultures and considering their cultural differences, background and diver sity in the work teams (Thomas et al., 2008). Commonwealth Bank operates in different contrasting cultures and hence it is important for the organisation to understand the different cross cultural issues which could hamper the business in case they are not properly addressed. Cross cultural differences are highly visible in some countries and some countries have similar ideologies (Stahl et al., 2010). The company applies Hoftsedes cultural dimension in order to understand the cross cultural differences in the different societies it operates in. Cross cultural management is not only effective for foreign expansion of business but it also helps to effectively manage groups within the organisation itself so that they are able to perform well for the organisation. Commonwealth Bank implements the Model of Cultural Dimension which helps the organisation to frame their cross cultural strategy accordingly. The Geert Hofstedes Model has six different attributes which discuss a society base d on their culture (Kawar, 2012). Fig 1: Hofstedes Cultural Dimension Model (Source: Tung, 2008) The concept of Hofstede is very clear as it tries to understand the cultural difference based on the different attributes. This is actually a process of comparison which the managers of the Commonwealth Bank apply in order to gain suitable insights into the different cultural differences facing the organisation which could naturally impact on the interpersonal interactions. The first attribute power distance helps the managers to understand how a society handles the inequalities in the society (Tung, 2008). In societies where power distance is low people tend to equalise the distribution of power which means employees are more efficient in these societies and hence the workforce should be accordingly handled by the organisation. Example of such kind of society is India. The second attribute individualism and collectivism shows the social framework of a society. It helps the company managers to understand the overall pattern of the society and the ideology of the society in terms of i ndividual growth and collective growth (Berry et al., 2010). The society where individualism is high will focus more on self improvement and growth which helps the managers to motivate employees individually getting effective response and result for the organisation. In cross cultural management masculinity and femininity is considered as one of the key aspects (Testa, 2009). The masculinity preference of a society means that the society is much more inclined to giving out material rewards for good work whereas femininity focuses on cooperation, sharing and caring and quality of life which would help the managers of Commonwealth Bank to implement suitable strategies to handle the workforce and develop rewarding system. The uncertainty avoidance shows the managers the vulnerability of people in the society towards uncertain circumstances and ambiguity. It mainly states the situation that a society cannot predict whats going to come in the future and accordingly whether they embrace c hange or not. Long term and short term orientation highlights the inclination of the society towards keeping in mind the past legacies but also change for the future which clearly helps organisations to understand how the society is going to behave in the coming few years and accordingly makes strategies to control business (Tung Verbeke, 2010). Finally Indulgence vs. Restraint is the last attribute which shows the company whether the society is fun loving society or are highly conservative about their lifestyle. Cross Cultural Issues for Commonwealth Bank Australia There are number of different cross cultural issues which hinder the business growth. For Commonwealth Bank it is important that cross cultural issues are addressed properly. The main cross cultural issue that the company has to face is during business interaction. The company has always focused on effective communication as it helps to interact properly with the employees and the consumers but workings in different cultural regions affect communication. It often creates communication gap between individuals. In a completely different culture and in orthodox countries like in Russia or China people are disinclined to speak in any foreign tongue and this often creates confusion especially for a company like Commonwealth Bank that hails from a completely English speaking country (Singh et al., 2008). Employees of this organisation face problems working in foreign conditions as communication with consumers become a huge problem. On the other hand another key issue is internal communicat ion. Recruiting employees from different backgrounds and culture creates communication gap as well. As the company operates in different countries in Asia and Europe it faces problem of internal communication as well due to the lack of proper communication. For instances if a person is not acquainted with the culture of a particular society it will definitely be tough to communicate with them and hence this is extremely important for a company of the stature of Commonwealth Bank to understand. Another key cross cultural issue that is facing Commonwealth Bank is management issues (De Mooij Hofstede, 2010). In most of its global sites the company has put in managers from Australia. The problem of expatriate acceptance among employees often stands to be a key reason for the downfall of a company or the regression in the organisational performance. The expatriates posted in foreign conditions should be well aware of the market conditions and should focus on developing the communications with the employees especially the local employees so that a communal feeling is created among the management and workforce. The manager should be aware of the key determinants of culture which are language, religion, education, social structure which would help the managers to handle the issues of communication and confusions effectively (Ungar, 2008). Hierarchy plays an extremely important role in the process of communication and in case the employees are reluctant to communicate in other languages it could be a serious problem for the organisation Commonwealth Bank. The Commonwealth Bank faced significant problems with its expatriate managers operating in China and India as people there are educated and brought up with different culture and tend to be very orthodox mostly the Chinese people (Kirkman et al., 2009). Hence the expatriates will not be able to work if the employees or the consumers are not aware of the local culture and language. Getting respect is what these people want and hence especially in Chinese market Commonwealth Bank should be much more careful. The Chinese and US consumers are largely Ethnocentric and mostly disregard other religions and culture and hence in this scenario expatriates face humiliation regarding their language and religion and hence having a strong strategy to handle these aspects are extreme ly important for an organisation like Commonwealth Bank (Grisham Walker, 2008). Cross Cultural Problems and Impact on the Organisational Performance The Commonwealth Bank considers its workforce as one of the most important assets that the company has and also takes significant initiatives to keep that intact. Working in a cross cultural environment often it is seen there is cultural difference sometimes due to communication gap and sometimes for the differences in the ideologies teamwork is often affected. In the banking sector especially in top class multinational companies like Commonwealth Bank teamwork is extremely important and due to the cross cultural gaps communication is hindered which affects the decisions making of the organisation and this overall affects the movement of the organisation towards the objectives set in the global business. Poor communication is the root of all problems and it breaks the teamwork and the coordination (Caligiuri Tarique, 2012). When two persons from completely different backgrounds come together it becomes tough for them to understand and respect each others background and culture and t his directly affects the overall organisational performance as they feel reluctant to work with each other citing the personal problems. The ethnocentric mindset of the employees will affect organisational harmony as problems created due to culture will tear the unity of the workforce. It is extremely important for Commonwealth Bank to focus on improving the interpersonal communication but as long as the employees do not respect the cultures of each other it will remain the same for the company which will gradually lead to problems of performance, and the company will lose significant market share in the business (Rockstuhl et al., 2011). Consumers tend to lose customer loyalty when not communicated which naturally leads to failure of the organisation in the respective global market and also leads to internal turmoil for non-cooperation among employees. Conclusion Cross cultural issues seem to have a significant negative effect on the organisational performance of an organisation in this case Commonwealth Bank. It is extremely important for the organisation to focus on having a proper cross cultural strategic framework in place which would help to mitigate the cross cultural problems and will help to improve the organisational performance. The organisation Commonwealth Bank needs to address the different key cross cultural issues of communication, coordination and understanding and hence it is important for the organisation to implement certain key strategies to improve cross cultural management. Recommendations Based on the above issues these recommendations could be implemented to mitigate the cross cultural issues of Commonwealth Bank are discussed below: Cross Cultural Literacy is one of the key aspects that need to be implemented especially for managers to understand the cross cultural differences between two different markets. The managers should be provided with ample knowledge about different cultural practices which would help the managers to handle cross cultural business properly (Carbaugh, 2013). Inculcating cultural intelligence among the employees of the organisation Commonwealth Bank would help to improve the communication of the employees and managers working in a cross cultural society. In a company of multicultural background Cultural intelligence helps to assess the performance of the managers and employees in a given culture (Minkov Hofstede, 2011). Managing the attitude, and understanding cultural perspective and implementing cultural knowledge will help to improve the cross cultural communication and hence Commonwealth Bank Managers should be instilled with this knowledge. Having respect for people from different cultures will help to crack a good conversation effectively (Primecz et al., 2011). Constant monitoring of the cross cultural environment will help to get a lot of insights which would help the managers to implement them effectively (Huang, 2010). Understanding the labor laws, compensation practices and will help the company Commonwealth Bank to focus on improving their cross cultural practices effectively. 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